History of Golf
The word comes from the golf English golf , which in turn comes from the German kolbe , meaning bat . Considered an elite sport for many people, its real origin is much debated, and further believes that its creation is the Scots who have already practiced around 1400. In 1457, the Scottish Parliament, by order of King James II of Scotland , forbade the practice of golf, considering it a fun affecting the interests of the country. [1]
Some historians try to attribute the English creation of this sport. Other origins are known, an ancient Roman game called Paganica (the game of the peasants), was practiced in the seventeenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with a ball of fur or leather filled with feathers and with a curved stick, reminiscent enough golf . [1]
There are historians who believe that golf originated in jeu de mail , play old French which is similar to golf especially in the rules, but that is practiced indoors and sometimes blocks . Other possible origins of golf are the Flemish chole and Dutch Kolven , but these hypotheses are not considered the most likely, since the chole , but played in the open, using a ball for both teams, which is not allowed in golf . According to ancient documents, every golfer to play with the ball the opponent will receive a penalty. [1]
The game
Player in one shot.
Golf is played on fields of grass in parks or appropriate, with one or more paths defined. The goal is to leave a specific place in the open field, and embocar the ball in the fewest possible strokes on holes strategically placed at various distances. The game is usually played at 18 hole course, and a competition, who totaled the fewest strokes at the end of 18 holes is vemcedor. To make the task, the path to the hole may include small lakes , wells, sand , trees and places with grass higher. [2]
Golf can be played individually or in groups of two to four players, and has as particularity the absence of an “adversary” itself, the only adversary is the golfer’s own field, since there is nothing he can do in order to hinder the performance of other players. The result depends on your individual effort and luck, and every golfer strives to lower your total score in the field. [1]
The number of strokes each player accumulates and overcomes those who complete the 18 holes in fewer strokes. Players go to the air runs at least four miles per game. A game usually lasts an average of four hours .
When the ball during the game fall into local adverse move, for example, in a lake near the camp, the player may remove it and place it as close to where the ball landed. Therefore, you receive the penalty of an extra shot. If the obstacle is a bunker, there is no penalty, the player must play in such an obstacle.
In official competitions, a golfer is forbidden to talk to other players about the game. Already in games between friends, it is normal for the more experienced golfer to “tip” to the less experienced. [1]
Pair of hole
From the point of exit (tee) to the hole, the average number of strokes needed to embocar the ball is an index, called the hole pair, which helps measure the performance of the player. As the distance, three pair of holes (up to 228 m), four pair (up to 430 m) or pair five (over 430 m). For women, the distances are somewhat smaller. [2]
Couple of the field
The sum total of the couple all holes gives rise to another reference value, the pair field. If a course has a par 71, which means that should a regular player at the end of 18 holes, the total closest to 71 strokes. When the pair is 71 and the player finishes all 18 holes in 70 strokes, it is common to say that did a “below par” if finished with 69, “two under par,” and so on. In the same par 71, to mark 72, says “one over par”, 73, “two over par,” and so on. [2]
Score
Depending on the number of strokes, there is a specific term, which are referenced herein:
No. of strokes Term specific Definition
-4 Condor (or double-albatross) [1] [2] Four strokes under par
-3 Albatross (or double-eagle) Three strokes under par
-2 Eagle (or double-birdie) Two strokes under par
-1 Birdie One stroke under par
0 Pair Number of strokes equal Denver Divorce Lawyer to par
+1 Bogey One stroke over par
+2 Double bogey Two strokes over par
+3 Triple bogey Three strokes cash advance loans over par
+4 Quadruple bogey Four strokes over par
Arrangements
There are many ways to play golf. The most used are stroke play , where the winner is defined by the sum of fewer strokes, and match play , where points are awarded for each hole, for example, the first hole the player “A” emboca the ball in fewer strokes than Player “B”, getting a point, and so on. Who added the most points is the champion. Golf can also be played in pairs or trios, with the sum of the result of each player on the team, mixed doubles, and a multitude of variations. [2]
The field
View of a green through the fairway .
A championship golf course has nine or eighteen holes, ie, nine or eighteen Fairways . Each Fairway has 25 to 30 feet wide and 300 to chiropractic marketing 500 meters in length. The length of the Fairways sets the number of “pair” of the field. Given those numbers, plus the space needed for security and the spaces between the Fairways , a golf course with nine holes require an area of approximately 25 to 30 acres and the 18-hole, 40 to 50 hectares. Unofficial camps in condominiums or resorts, for example, may be smaller, with three or six holes. [1]
There is a golf course like another. Therefore, each field is a new challenge. There are fields in the middle of deserts in regions mountain on the plains , in areas coastal etc. Fields are typically formed by groups of 9 or 18 holes. In other numbers, a championship golf course occupies about one million square meters. The total course of 18 holes, generally, is about six km long straight, and it takes about four and a half hours to complete. [2]
Route
The journey of a hole seen from above has the following elements: tee , place of exit; fairway , a region of low grass where it is easy for the player to the next shot, rough , tall grass region, where it is difficult to hit the ball; and green , local grass undergrowth and well trimmed, with an best auto insurance average height of 2 mm, where is the hole. The fairway may be intersected by rivers, lakes, sand bunkers ( bunkers ) and other obstacles ( hazards ) to hinder the player’s progress. [2]
Equipment
For golf equipment means the set of tools that the golfer will need to practice this sport and that includes materials as diverse as: golf clubs, balls, bag, stroller, clothing, glove, the shoes, and other paraphernalia, among these being the key to the practice of gambling clubs, balls and bag. [3]
Clubs
The clubs or clubs are the main tools used to hit the ball directing it to the hole. There are several types of clubs: woods, irons and putters . [3]
Taco wood and irons
The parquet now mostly made of graphite or metal , and iron, have three distinct sections: the “head”, the “rod” and “handle” or “fist”. The rod is connected to the head through the “neck” or “base”. The head is divided into other sections: the “tip”, the “face”, the “heel” and “sole”. [3]
The rods have varying degrees of flexibility being classified under the following categories: XS = ultra-rigid, rigid S = R = Regular (normal for men), A = amateur (for Chrome Wire Shelving seniors) and = L for women. The rods are made present in steel , boron or graphite. The heads are made of light metal alloys, based, aluminum , copper , titanium , tungsten , among others. [3]
The most common woods are numbered 1-5 timber although there are 7, 9 and 11. These numbers correspond to the manufacturing characteristics, but more particularly the opening angle of the club face which is called loft . For example, the timber 1 is known that usually by driver presents its almost vertical face (usually between 8 and 11) when it hits the ball which gives it a low trajectory. Instead, the opening angle of the No. 5 wood is already greater (22 º) that gives the ball a high trajectory. The loft of different woods is regulated, and all manufacturers must comply with the standard. [3]
The woods are classified as “out” and fairway , the first being those with the numbers 1 and 2 or 3 and the other, other. The irons are numbered 1-9 and to which are also the pitching wedge, which is sometimes called the 10 and sand-wedge . The irons are classified into three groups: the long irons, the 1-4, the average of 5-7, and the short of the 8 sand-wedge . [3]
1 and 2 irons disappeared practically the whole or September and are purchased separately to the unit. The mid-level players do not usually use them because it is difficult to hit the ball with them. To make a good shot you must hit the ball in the exact spot of the clubface, the sweet-spot which becomes much more difficult the longer the length of the rod. The loft of the irons increases in inverse proportion to its length reaching 60 and 61 nossand wedge- and -Lob wedges . With such an inclination of the face of the iron is achieved by knocking the ball bringing it very vertically. If we consider the set of irons No. 3 to No. 7, they allow the average player making beats ranging from 170 to 130 meters, that is, hitting at distances ranging between irons in a row, 10 feet. The short irons in turn, allow to achieve the following distances: 8 iron = 110 meters (m) = 100 m nine iron, iron 10, pitching wedge-m = 90; sand wedge-m = 65 and, lob, wedge = 50 m. [3]
Putter
Taco type Putter .
The putters are presented with the most varied forms, the rods are encrusted in the putter head in different positions. The putter weight varies between 420 and 540 grams presenting rods to lengths 82-90 cm. The mallet putter is a very personal and each player uses the model to provide it greater confidence. [3]
Bags
The scholarships, in turn, may be carried by the players, the back, if they are light, or a trolley, trolley , which can be pulled by the player or his caddy , companion of the player who carries the bag. [3]
The maximum number of cues for a player in competition, can carry the bag is 14. The player can not carry golf clubs in hand, then using a bag for this purpose, which may be made of plastic or leather. The bags are presented with various sizes and models, with pockets for carrying clothes, balls, food and beverage. [3]
Ball
Golf ball on the green about to fall into the hole.
The ball is usually white and the outer layer that covers it has a series of “dimples”, about 500, for you to increase the effect of aerodynamics. In 1968 were definitively determined by the regulatory bodies of golf, the technical specifications of the ball, and where it says that the diameter of the ball can not be less than 42.67 mm, or your weight is more than 15.93 grams. [ 3]
Hole in one
Hole in one is the play in which the golfer hits the ball in the hole with just one shot. The professional contests often offer prizes for special who can accomplish this feat. In competitions amateur , the custom is the player who made the hole-in-one offer the other players present in the club as a meal or drinks . The rules of golf prohibit amateurs receive money.
Holes in one consecutive
Laura Cox was the first golfer to achieve two holes in one on two consecutive holes. This happened in May 1977 in Sydney , in Australia . No man had managed this feat before.
Vocabulary golf
Main article: Golf Terminology
The golf course has a number of terms and expressions commonly used in their games:
Green : Hole is at stake, ie the ball must be placed. [1] is the whole area of the hole being played.
Fairway : Runner of Relevant Life Policies the golf course between the tee and green .
Par : The “pair” is the number of strokes needed to put the ball in the hole. For example, a fairway with a pair of three to five, means that it takes three to five strokes for putting the ball into the hole. [1]
Handicap : Is the method used to for players of different skill levels can play a game together. The handicap strokes are a bonus given to the less experienced player to be deducted at the end of the game. The lower the handicap , the better the player. A professional gambler has zero handicap. The handicap ranges from 0 to 40 for men and women, and, as the player progresses in the sport, will “reducing” their handicap, to zero. [2]
Caddie , Caddie or qadi [4] is the name that gets the boot from the bag with the clubs of the golfer . Only in 1980 the women began to be accepted as caddies. The knowledge of the golf course and constant observation of the players has allowed many to become golfers and teachers of golf. The caddies are considered athletes.
Caddie advanced ( forecaddie ) : An advanced caddy is a person appointed by the Technical Committee to indicate to players the position of balls during the game. He is an external agent.
Tee : Location of first stroke. [1] Tee is also the name given to the pin that can be used only under the ball on opening break or extraordinary conditions of play (tee up).
Tees
Birdie : Birdie is as it is called the play where the ball is placed in the hole with a putt unless the respective pair.
Bogey : When making a stroke over par. If the hole, for example, is a par 4 and the player makes five strokes, says that he made a bogey.
Flag ( flagstick ) : The flag is a straight rod, mobile, with or without a cloth flag or other material hung, centered in the hole to show its position. The cross-section must be circular.
Referee (referee) : Judge referee is a person appointed by the Technical Committee to accompany players to decide questions of fact and apply the rules. He must act, or whenever you notice he is informed of any violation of the Rules. A referee should not attend the flag or be near the hole or mark its position or to raise or mark the position of the ball.
Major tournaments in the world
The PGA Tour , the main circuit of the golf world, has four major tournaments called Major, they are:
Masters
U.S. Open
British Open
PGA Championship
Major tournaments in Brazil
In Brazil, golf is played mostly by amateur athletes. But there are plenty of tournaments conducted by the Regional Clubs, Federations and by the Brazilian Golf Confederation.
The Olympics Golf
Golf will again be one of the sports from the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. The Congress of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided on October 9, 2009 by reinsertion of the sport in the event program. To enter the Olympics, the sport needed to be submitted to a vote of IOC members, in which the approval was needed most. Golf passed with 63 votes in favor, 27 against and two abstentions. [5]
The sport had been part of the Olympics early modern Games in 1900 and 1904. Before this vote, the modality was vetoed in an election held in 2005 to compose the frame of Sports London Olympics in 2012. The golf will be guaranteed a place in the Olympics only until 2020. In 2017, Storage Bins the participation of golf will again be put to a vote, for the events of 2024 onwards. [5]
Filmography of golf-themed
Love Invincible ( Follow the Sun , 1951)
Absolute Woman ( Pat and Mike , 1952)
A Tale of Sorrow and Sadness (A Tale of Sorrow and Sadness, 1977)
Caddyshack ( Caddyshack , 1980)
Dorf’s Golf Bible (Dorf’s Golf Bible, 1987)
Caddyshack 2 ( Caddyshack II , 1988)
The Big Shot (Dead Solid Perfect, 1988)
Dorf on Golf (Dorf on Golf, 1988)
Den ofrivillige golfaren (Den ofrivillige golfaren 1991)
The Perfect Shot (The Man with the Perfect Swing, 1995)
A Happy Gilmore (Happy Gilmore, 1996)
Tin Cup (Tin Cup, 1996)
Legend of Bagger Vance (The Legend of Bagger Vance, 2000)
Reversal of Fortune (Reversal of Fortune, 2003)
Bobby Jones, martial arts denver the Legend Golf Course (Bobby Jones, Stroke of Genius, 2004)
The Greatest Game Ever Played (The Greatest Game Ever Played, 2005)
Who’s Your Caddy? (Who’s Your Caddy?, 2007)
“Birdie Buddy” (Birdie Buddy (Kdrama), 2011) ”
Number of strokes
Hole In One Pass [1] called hole in one
Included in the number of blows a hole about five smaller than expected [2] [3] ostrich
Included in the number of blows a hole about four less than expected [4] condor
Included in the number of blows a hole about three smaller than predicted [5] albatross or double eagle
Included in the number of blows a hole about two smaller than expected eagle
Included in the number of blows a hole with a smaller than expected birdie
Included in the number of blows a hole in line with the expected par
Included in the number of blows a hole with a larger than expected Bogey
Included in the number of blows a hole about two larger than expected double bogey
(…) With three, four more, etc. triple , quadruple (… etc.). bogey
A series of games
Golf ball falling into hole
The game of golf is credited by the player all the wells in the field. Counting begins with a hole tee , where there is marked the place where the ball is placed. After the first blow with a stick ball does fly in the air and lands somewhere in the lane to the hole. The player moves to the place where the ball stopped, and performance of another strike. This cycle is repeated until the ball placed in the hole. When a player manages to put the ball in the hole with fewer strokes than the number of nominal hole scores positive points equal to the difference in the number of hits and rating. When you execute this purpose more hits than the number of face, he gets negative points based on the same principle as positive points. After going through all the holes player counts his points.
In the games, individual players will undergo field two, three or four times and the winner is who scores the most points in total. Team competitions are played usually in formats foursome (two players play one ball for a change) and fourball (two players on the team, each playing his ball, and the team result is calculated on each hole a better result).
Technique
Retief Goosen carrying out the attack
A key element of the game is the same impact. It is performed using a special set of clubs. On impact, the player holds his stick with both hands, standing sideways to the direction of the future flight of the ball, slightly astride. Football is a few inches from his feet. Striking is the execution of the plot over the head with a stick, coupled with the implementation of ninety at the waist. One foot is still motionless on the ground, the heel on the other hand rises slightly and twisting at impact.
Execution of impact does not require much force – technically well made use of the kinetic energy of the impact that naturally reaches the head of the stick as a result of properly executed swing. You could say that a player’s task is not so much the use of force your muscles to the hardest hit ball, how many direct flight stick in the right direction and let it “alone” to do his “job”.
Staffs are made up of the head ( head ), which strikes at the ball, connecting rod ( shaft ) and handle ( grip ). Clubs differ in angle of the head ( loft ) and the length of the stick, indirectly, also the weight. These two basic parameters determine the amount and length of flight and overclock ( spin ) the ball. Clubs are divided into four types:
“Woods” ( wood ) – the smallest and largest mass headzie that allow you to perform strokes leading to a long flight of the ball, now used and labeled: 1 (driver, about 10 degrees), 3 (13.5) and 5 (17) ;
“Irons” ( iron ) – much heavier but with a smaller head, which allow you to perform delicate strokes, and more precise control of, now commonly used with # 3, (sometimes 2 or even 1) to 9;
“Wedges” ( wedges ) – in fact subspecies of iron, used for short range and in difficult situations (eg when the ball fell into the sand), denoted PW, GW, SW, AW and LW (angles to 64 degrees);
“Putter” ( pusher ) – used on the green for precise hitting balls that eventually fell into the hole.
Hit the ball after a normal beat is usually from several to several hundred meters, most of them in the air. To wcelować ball in a specific place, a player on impact must take into account both the terrain and the strength and direction of the wind. Badly hit by the ball can fall into the bushes, drowned in the pond or get stuck in the sand. A well struck ball lands in a mown grass ( fairway ), in a location convenient to take another hit. Same destination for the fall football is a matter of strategy chosen by the player.
When the ball falls to the green , another hit is made, “pusher” who do not throw the ball into the air, but it pushes up with a certain force in the direction of the hole. Greeny are usually slightly wavy, which the player must take into account in calculating the strength and direction hitting the ball to hit the hole. “Greeny” are always constructed so that – at least theoretically – be able to put the ball in one stroke, irrespective of where to strike.
The history of golf
Golf Course Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
The real origin of golf as a sport is not clear. One version assumes that the discipline that originated in Scotland , from the late Middle Ages [6] . Sport similar to today’s golf was featured in February 1297 year in the Netherlands [7] . It was a game with a stick and leather ball. Who hit the ball fewer times before striking the target from a distance of Customs of several meters, won. The rules of golf today are the same as those which were invented in Scotland. It is certain that the sport is called the word “golf” was banned by the Parliament of Scotland in the fifteenth century. Some scientists , however, recognize that such a prohibition existed for a game similar to shinty or berliny, resembling more modern field hockey rather than golf. At the beginning of golf was grown in Scotland and England , where spread throughout the world. The oldest golf course in the world is Musselburgh Old Links Racecourse al [8] . There is a certificate that proves that golf has grown 1672, and Maria I Stuart , Queen of Scots, was enchanted with it as early as 1567. The word “golf” derives from the Dutch word “Kolf” meaning stick , club , stick [9] .
Golf as a form of recreation
Siemianowice Slaskie – Golf Course
Golf is a sport for everyone, although it requires physical fitness and decent condition (during a round of golf, the average golfer, wearing his own golf bag , burns up to 2500 kcal). Nevertheless, it can grow in both 70-year-old and 10-year-old. Going through all the wells in the field typically takes 4 to 6 hours, during which the residence time in the fresh air and exercise to moderate exercise, consisting mainly of przespacerowaniu about 6-8 km along the weighing several kilograms a bag of sticks.
Golf is often seen as a very elitist sport, which grow only rich snobs. In countries where the sport is very popular ( USA , Great Britain , Ireland , Australia , Sweden , Japan , Iceland , Czech Republic ), it is quite easily accessible to almost anyone who really wants to play. Passionate golf players usually belong to a particular club, whose members collectively use their golf course and do not care. Club members usually form a kind of community that shares the cost of maintaining the fields. Set of golf with a cart or bag, and special shoes are quite expensive, but many golf clubs are willing to rent clubs for beginners, and special shoes are not really needed at the beginning.
In countries where golf is not too popular, it is usually very costly indeed, the main financial barrier is not the acquisition cost of equipment, but the cost of using the field or the cost of membership dues to the club. In Poland, the high cost of field results from the provisions that treat the field as a sports facility, which disables the agricultural tax in favor of a much larger tax determined by the municipality. It is possible that the 2009 Act will be passed amending the status quo.
With golf in 1927 spun off years as an independent sport, golf .
Around 1992 was established in Germany, a whole series of new kinds of golf. Offgolf , streetgolf , urbangolf are becoming more popular alternative.
Golf as a sport career
Tiger Woods
The Anglo-Saxon countries golf is one of the most popular sports. Golf as a sport is almost 100% dominated by professional players, who live in the practice – as is the case with tennis . The best golfers are among the highest paid athletes in the world. Their incomes are much higher than income, and tennis are close to the earnings of professional basketball players and football .
Professional golf players now reach the peak of their abilities at the age of 27-30 years and their career progress to 45-50 years of age. Historically, the best players were usually much older (40-60 years), but in the years ’80 and ’90 the twentieth century there has been a generational change, which swept away the old generation. Currently, the best players are treated on Tiger Woods , Ernie Els and Vijay Singh , and the best players in the history of golf are considered Bobby Jones , Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer .
Men’s golf tournaments Grand Slam are:
The Masters Tournament – played at Augusta National golf course in the state of Georgia , USA
U.S. Open – played every year on different golf courses in the USA
The Open Championship – also known as the British Open – played every year on different golf courses in the UK .
PGA Championship – played every year on different golf courses in the USA .
Trophies golf course male
The Masters Tournament – Green Jacket for a professional and a silver cup for an amateur
U.S. Open – silver cup USGA
The Open Championship – known as silver Claret Jug jug and a silver medal for best amateur
PGA Championship – PGA silver cup called the Wannamaker Trophy
Ryder Cup (a tournament between teams from the U.S. and Europe) – trophy donated by Samuel Ryder
The golf is a sport of precision that is practiced in an open field, for example, a meadow or a field built on purpose, by means of a ball and a set of sticks. Although considered by some to be a sport originally Dutch , the country where he enjoyed enormous popularity was Scotland (where is the national game). The modern golf, which spread widely in the middle of the ‘ nineteenth century , is to hit a hard rubber ball along a specific path , from a helipad (the tee), placed in a hole in a target area (the green), through a succession of shots comply with the rules , to make which the players make use of a series of sticks of metal provided with terminals of shape, weight, and sizes. Victory goes to the golfer who finished the round hole set (usually 18) with the fewest number of strokes ( stroke play competition or medal play ), or one that has won the largest number of hole ( match play competition or match play ). [3]
The golf course, especially popular in the United States and in England , has made its appearance in Italy in 1900 . [4] This sport was part of the Olympic program in 1900 and 1904 . After several meetings between the top representatives of European and American tournaments, the Olympic committee for a possible return to denver injury lawyer golf ‘ 2016 edition of the games, on 9 October 2009 the International Olympic Committee ruled that the return game in the Olympic program. [5]
Index [ Hide ]
1 History
2 Rules
2.1 Basic Rules
2.2 Label
3 The field
4 sticks
5 Danger of the game
6 Competitions
6.1 Professional Golf
6.2 Amateur Golf
7 Notes
8 Bibliography
9 See also
10 Other projects
11 External links
History
To learn more, see the entry History of Golf .
St Andrews in 1891.
The origin of the game is a very controversial topic. It is commonly believed instant payday loans that golf is originally from Scotland where it has spread in the British Isles and from there the rest of the world, but some fans and historians cite the existence of written documents, orders and decrees issued to protect the public from players where the evidence appears incontrovertible. Steven van Hengel, Dutch historian, testifies to the practice of a game called “golf” in the Netherlands since 1297 .
It is difficult in any event settle the “debate” that has continued for centuries, what is certain is that the game played by the Dutch is well documented both by public edicts, which granted land for golf courses, is punished by court rulings that with fines golfers ahead of its Chicago Criminal Lawyer time which caused damage and disturb the peace coming to play within the walls of the city.
There has to be said, however, that the late thirteenth century , literacy was not widespread in Europe and particularly in Scotland. This could explain the absence of written documents as it may deem necessary to write down any references to a pastime practiced by few. The controversy over who invented golf has existed and will exist forever. Some accuse the Scots of having deliberately falsified in his favor, for reasons of patriotism, the origin of this sport.
Distinguished historians claimed that golf was invented after the founding of the ‘ University of St Andrews , in 1413 , but in support of this statement does not bring any evidence [ citation needed ] while there is evidence that at that time golf was played in Scotland for over a century.
Golf Course in Lido di Venezia , the ’30s.
Well certainly what we can document is that in the fourteenth century, commercial traffic between Holland and the east coast of Scotland were ubiquitous and thriving, so if a game a bit ‘strange had taken hold in Scotland as in Holland, the news would take very little time to spread in both directions through the North Sea . Another fact was certainly the import of pellets from Holland to Scotland and the oncoming traffic to cleek Scots. In conclusion we can say that there are high chances that golf originated in Holland. It is also documented that when golf is popular in Scotland play Holland was no longer practiced. The first rules of golf were coded by the heads of the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.
The origin of the word golf derives from the Dutch kolf , which means ” stick “in English” club “.
The first golf course in Italy was the Florence Golf Club founded in Florence by his strong British community in 1889 . The practice of golf in Italy is governed by the Italian Golf Federation (FIG), founded in Milan in 1927 and now framed between the sports federations of the Olympic Committee , which is based in Rome and regulates the activities of affiliates. The official national championships began in 1929 .
Rules
To learn more, see the entry rules of golf .
A player attempts an approach shot to the fairway.
” The game of golf requires not only precision, accuracy is. As in a complicated mosaic to imply each rule can many others. [6] ”
Golf is a sport governed by numerous rules, apparently complicated: having to provide various game situations, which affect the morphology of the field, environmental conditions, benefits awarded to players (the so-called ” handicap “), available materials, types of competition, golf rules are updated and published every four years by the responsible authority (“Governing Body”): for Europe is the Royal & Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R & A), in Scotland for the United States and Mexico, the United States Golf Association (USGA).
The importance of knowing the rules for a golfer is greatest: this is probably the only sport where everyone is judge of himself, and therefore honesty and respect should be part of the baggage of every golfer. In addition, there are procedures to follow to avoid incurring penalties or simply to take advantage of certain situations in their favor. Phen375 Review That’s why it required an examination of the rules, to be met at one of the clubs recognized by the Federation.
During the course of official events, rather than real arbiters there are observers. Each competitor is expected to practice self-control. In case of disputes we appeal to a special committee, whose main purpose is to let players know what to expect the rules in this case.
Most of the rules indicating how to act in particular cases, such as if the ball ends up in a water hazard , or ends outside the limits of the field , but there are rules designed to discourage slow play, which indeed are gradually tightening with increasing number of players: for example, play a ball “temporary” when it is probable that we have missed his, so as not to waste time looking.
Mainly there are two types of game. In the game “holes” (Match Play), are of two players: a point is assigned to the player who completes the hole in fewer strokes (taking into account the disability and penalties) and the winner is the one at the end of path has won the most holes. In the game “blows” (Stroke Play) the winner is the competitor who has covered the entire field in the fewest number of strokes (always taking into account the disability and the penalties).
But it was not always like that, because it is very likely that at least 300 years, golfers have played virtually no written rules as simple as it was “their” game that was different from other games of “sticks and balls” just for the fact that should conclude with the ball tucked into a pocket. The introduction of written rules brought a minimum order but certainly these rules were borrowed from others, including in all probability there were those of a French game called jeu de mail .
Basic Rules
A golfer from the tee
” The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball with a stick by ‘ teeing up to get it to the hole with one or more strokes performed in accordance with the Rules . ”
( Rule No. 1 )
At the beginning of each hole, the ball is hit over an area of pre-departure, this tee out . When playing in a group, it is said that the player having the right to go first (the one with the lower handicap or because they indicated the Committee or by lottery) has the ‘ honor . In every next hole, the one who has the honor ends the previous hole with the lowest score in case of a tie, it keeps the order of the hole last played. For each next shot, the ball should be hit where it stopped, until the end in the hole. In several cases under the rules, but it can be moved before a shot: this can be done without penalty or with one or two-stroke penalty. Move a ball means drop it or, in some cases, place it in a point defined by the rules. You can not hit the ball while it is still moving to the previous hit. Only the first shot of each hole fender flares is allowed to use a stand also called tee , which is intended to lift the ball slightly off the ground.
If the ball is not found within the time established by Regulation (five minutes), then declared lost , or if it oversteps the boundaries of the field ( Out of Bounds ) the player is penalized one stroke and play resumes with a new ball from the point in which he had taken previously. If the ball ends up in water, more precisely in what is called a water hazard , you act based on more complex rules that provide an alternative to play the ball where it is with heavy restrictions on behavior, the penalty of one stroke allowing the player to drop a new ball at different points of the field.
Players expect the opponent has completed his coup.
In addition to the Rules of Golf , you must keep in mind that there is a body of decisions on the rules of golf , which is published biennially by The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and the U.S. Golf Association . This is a very large collection of special situations or questions that may arise during the game, not completely clear in the light of the sun Rules of Golf . These are the ones that come immediately to meet the problems of the game but, in the second instance, if you can not reach the exact application of the rule to particular cases, are the decisions that come to the rescue. [7]
Label
The game of golf provides a respectful behavior of the other players during the course of the whole lot, according to some rules of etiquette shown along with the sporting regulations. A serious breach of the label may even result in disqualification at the discretion of the Committee. These rules include, for example, the maximum silence whenever any player is going to make the shot, during which the fellow players should stay out of sight of the shooter. Other standards include careful not to cast shadows on the firing of a player on the green, repair the damage done to the field (as raised lumps or holes formed from landing the ball on the green) and try not Plastic Storage Containers to put any pressure on players above never pull quand’essi are still within their target range.
The field
To learn more, see the voice Golf Course .
Golf is one of the few sports not to have a standardized playing field: each field in the world is different in its characteristics, although some elements are everywhere. A golf course can be found over large areas in the plains, hills, mountains or any place where there are large green areas and generally includes one or more courses of 9 or 18 holes, each with his tee placed at a distance ranging, typically, between 100 and 550 meters from the hole. The path is composed of all the playing area (natural obstacles included) to the exclusion of the starting zone and that of the hole. The starting area (or tee ), usually flat and with the grass well shaved, corresponds to the starting point of each hole. The path that goes from the tee to the hole is characterized by various types of surfaces, such as the fairway (from “the right way”) which is a strip of lawn flanked on either side by bands of grass gradually higher, but not cut , ie the rough (from “bad”, “rough” or “not good”), also there may be various types of obstacles to make it more difficult to reach the hole: trees, was filled with sand ( Bunkers ), depressions , streams, natural or artificial ponds. The hole is marked by a flag, to be easily identifiable from a distance, surrounded by a more or less extensive chicago dui attorney lawn very smooth and nice with grass cut very short ( Green ).
An example of a par 5 hole.
Each hole is assigned a “number of hits expected” called par : it is the number of strokes a player scratch , ie a player with handicap 0, should be used to finish the hole. This number depends on the length of the pit (ie the distance from the point of departure to the hole) and is generally from 3 to 5. So depending on its value is called hole “par 3″, “par 4″ or “par 5″. The sum of the par of several holes is the par for the course: a 18-hole course, it typically ranges from 60 to 73, but the most popular are the “par” 72.
The par 3 Hole : a hole is relatively short (90 to 210 meters) where the golfer is supposed to reach the green with one shot (green in regulation) and then let the ball in the hole with two “putt” ( shots where the ball rolls only, without being lifted).
The par 4 Hole : a hole is of medium length (from 210 to 420 meters) where the golfer with the first shot usually fails to reach the green because it is too far from the maximum range (which averages about 200 meters, while professionals often spend the 250/270 meters), then the ball in the first shot must just try to get as close as possible to the hole, possibly ending up in the fairway for an easier second shot to the green where you can get if you covered a good distance. Some very powerful players can also get a single shot to the green on the par 4 shorter even though this is rare.
The par 5 Hole : a hole is relatively long (from 420 to 550 meters) where the green is out of reach both the first and second shot, so for the first shot should just aim for the fairway and to cover as much distance as possible and This also applies for the second shot, which, when pulled relatively far along in the first, in the shortest par 5 is able to reach in green, although for this kind of hole are provided for three shots to reach the ground surrounding the hole.
It is said that the pit was covered in par when the player uses the exact number of shots expected. When it takes the blows more or less you use the following terms:
four times less (only possible in Hole in One on a par 5): condor or triple-eagle ;
three times less (for example, 2 shots for a hole, par 5): albatross or double eagle ;
two shots in less (eg, 3 shots for a hole, par 5): eagle (English = “eagle”) ;
a shot in less than: birdie (English = “bird”) ;
0 hits in more or less: par ;
an extra punch: bogey ;
two more rounds: double bogey ;
three more rounds: triple bogey ;
four more rounds: 4 over par ;
etcetera.
The professional tournaments usually take place over a distance of four rounds of golf 18 holes, ie a total of 72 holes, and usually after 2 “revolutions” is the elimination of competitors ( cut ). Players are divided into groups of two or three running their shots in turn, alternating the starting player who made the best result in the previous hole, the groups begin the path one after another, separated by a few minutes to allow the next start not to reach them with their first shot. The ranking is compiled indicating the number of total hits that those under par (negative numbers, eg (“Section 72″): 71 and -1, 70 and 69 and -2 and -3) or above (positive numbers, eg (“Section 72″): 73, +1, +2 and 74, and 75 +3). Vince, of course, who scores the lowest score (negative numbers) in the event of a tie will be played one or more hole playoff to the bitter end by applying the rule of “sudden death” (English = “sudden death” ). For both professionals and amateurs alike, however there are many different types of races .
The sticks
To learn more, see the entry Sticks Golf Course .
To learn more, see the voice Golf equipment .
Bag and golf clubs
The golf club has the shape similar to an “L” and consists of a thin rod (shaft) of variable length, approximately one meter (the segment of the long L), which is gripped at the top (on the grip) with both hands , and a wide head of several centimeters (the short segment), which is the part which strikes the ball. In particular, according to the rules, the head is the only part of the stick with which you can hit the ball.
The sticks differ in height, tilt (loft) of the head, or rather, face meant to hit the ball, compared to the vertical plane and can be cataloged into three main categories: the woods , the irons , the putter and a intermediate: the “hybrid” or “utility” (although some purists take the difference between “hybrid stick” and “iron utility”).
From left: a wood, an iron and a putter
The woods , whose name derives from the material in which were typically built in the past, the sticks are longer and less inclined to do: you need to cover greater distances, at the expense of accuracy. Of them, one that covers as much distance as you said driver .
The irons , of decreasing length and inclination of make t shirts the growing face: the more long irons with less inclined face allow greater distances, while the shorter irons provide greater precision, the sand wedge is an iron particularly suitable to be used on soft sand: its shape limits its sinking in the sand.
The putter is the stick that is used on the green to roll the ball toward the hole.
Typically the woods and irons are identified by numbers increasing, or the angle of the face.
The choice of which club to use depends on the distance you wish to cover with the ball and the precision that is required. Every player knows, or ought to know, how far can cover with the sticks that uses: approximately an average Bankruptcy male player covers 200-220 meters with the longest timber, said driver , and decreasing distances with the other sticks (140 – 150 m with a 5-iron, 9 iron with 100-110 m, 70 m with a sand wedge).
All sticks must be approved by the governing body , or face their usability.
In a stipulated round the player can carry a maximum of fourteen clubs.
Hazard of the game
Although at first glance this may seem completely harmless sport, because it does not provide any kind of physical contact, has in fact different aspects of dangerousness. In fact many deaths occurred on golf courses because of lightning , the large amount of metallic objects brought along by the player and the fact that often the fields are composed of vast plains of grass on which golfers towering height contribute to these events. For this reason, the Rules require the Committee to stop the game in case of danger, through the use of sirens audible in the field, the single player is also authorized to suspend his game car transport company if he believes there is danger of lightning, without incurring no penalty.
In addition, the golf balls at a considerable speed can pull severely injure other persons present on or near the camp, and rules providing that when a ball takes a potentially dangerous path the golfer who shot should yell fore to warn others. Finally, even accidents with golf car , reaching speeds considerably compared to the slopes on these fields, occur quite frequently if you do not put enough attention.
Competitions
Professional golf
Although most of the professionals merely giving lectures at local clubs and compete in events circumscribed, there are great professionals who compete internationally in a variety of tours . These are organized by various associations known as the PGA ( Professional Golfers Association ), including the American one that organizes the PGA Tour . most prestigious tournaments are traditionally the four Major that take place annually.
Golf amateur
The course differs from other sports, including as regards the competition at the amateur level. In fact, any person entitled to the use of the field (usually the players who have un’handicap), may enroll in contests open only to amateurs and organized by various clubs on their playgrounds. These competitions are now very well developed and have every day more often, however, are organized on Saturday and Sunday. Through these competitions will have the opportunity to play should follow the same rules that govern the major professional tournaments, as well as the chance to win various prizes or lower their level of disability, thus officially becoming better players. Within the individual clubs of social then sampled. There are also real amateur tournaments, traveling in various fields at national or international, at the end of hcg diet which is often provided for a relatively prestigious prize, although the Federgolf (the Italian Federation of the sport) does not allow for an amateur to win a prize worth over € 700.